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Vitalik Buterin: Supporting Decentralized Staking through Anti-Correlation Incentives | IDOs News

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Vitalik Buterin: Supporting Decentralized Staking through Anti-Correlation Incentives | IDOs News
Vitalik Buterin: Supporting Decentralized Staking through Anti-Correlation Incentives | IDOs News


Vitalik proposes anti-correlation incentives to promote decentralization in staking protocols, penalizing misbehaving actors and implementing them in various scenarios, backed by empirical data.

Vitalik Buterin recently published a thought-provoking article that delves into the concept of supporting decentralized staking through the use of anti-correlation incentives. Authored by Vitalik Buterin, the article offers preliminary research and encourages independent replication attempts to validate the proposed ideas.

The primary focus of the article is to address the challenge of incentivizing better decentralization within staking protocols. The author suggests that penalizing correlations among actors can be an effective mechanism to encourage a more distributed and resilient ecosystem.

The current approach in Ethereum’s slashing mechanics already incorporates an element of anti-correlation incentives. However, the article argues that relying solely on edge-case incentives, which may only arise in highly exceptional attack situations, might not be sufficient to drive decentralization.

To further enhance anti-correlation incentives, the article proposes extending this concept to address more common failures, such as missing attestations. It posits that larger stakers, including wealthy individuals and staking pools, often run multiple validators on the same internet connection or physical computer, leading to correlated failures. The article acknowledges that expecting these stakeholders to set up independent physical setups for each validator would eliminate economies of scale in staking.

To validate the hypothesis, the author combines attestation data from recent epochs with information mapping validator IDs to publicly-known clusters. By analyzing the occurrences of co-failures (instances where two validators within the same cluster fail during the same slot), the article provides empirical evidence of excess correlated failures within clusters. This data supports the notion that validators in the same cluster are more likely to miss attestations simultaneously compared to validators in different clusters.

Building upon this analysis, the article proposes a penalty mechanism based on the current number of missed slots relative to the average of the last 32 slots. This mechanism ensures that penalties for missed attestations are proportional to the number of validators failing in a given slot compared to recent slots. The article highlights the resilience of this mechanism, as it is not easily manipulable and does not provide incentives for actors to intentionally fail.

The research presented in this article contributes to the ongoing discourse on decentralized staking and provides insights into the potential benefits of anti-correlation incentives. By incentivizing decentralization and mitigating correlated failures, staking protocols can become more robust and resistant to attacks.

It is important to note that the research presented in the article is preliminary, and the author encourages independent replication attempts to support the findings. The code used for the analysis is available on GitHub for reference.

In conclusion, supporting decentralized staking through anti-correlation incentives offers a promising avenue for enhancing protocol decentralization. By penalizing correlations among misbehaving actors, staking protocols can foster a more robust and resilient ecosystem. Further research and experimentation in this area will contribute to the evolution of decentralized blockchain networks like Ethereum.

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NVIDIA and Mistral Launch NeMo 12B: A High-Performance Language Model on a Single GPU | IDOs News

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NVIDIA and Mistral Launch NeMo 12B: A High-Performance Language Model on a Single GPU | IDOs News
NVIDIA and Mistral Launch NeMo 12B: A High-Performance Language Model on a Single GPU | IDOs News




Iris Coleman
Jul 27, 2024 05:35

NVIDIA and Mistral have developed NeMo 12B, a high-performance language model optimized to run on a single GPU, enhancing text-generation applications.





NVIDIA, in collaboration with Mistral, has unveiled the Mistral NeMo 12B, a groundbreaking language model that promises leading performance across various benchmarks. This advanced model is optimized to run on a single GPU, making it a cost-effective and efficient solution for text-generation applications, according to the NVIDIA Technical Blog.

Mistral NeMo 12B

The Mistral NeMo 12B model is a dense transformer model with 12 billion parameters, trained on a vast multilingual vocabulary of 131,000 words. It excels in a wide range of tasks, including common sense reasoning, coding, math, and multilingual chat. The model’s performance on benchmarks such as HellaSwag, Winograd, and TriviaQA highlights its superior capabilities compared to other models like Gemma 2 9B and Llama 3 8B.







Model Context Window HellaSwag (0-shot) Winograd (0-shot) NaturalQ (5-shot) TriviaQA (5-shot) MMLU (5-shot) OpenBookQA (0-shot) CommonSenseQA (0-shot) TruthfulQA (0-shot) MBPP (pass@1 3-shots)
Mistral NeMo 12B 128k 83.5% 76.8% 31.2% 73.8% 68.0% 60.6% 70.4% 50.3% 61.8%
Gemma 2 9B 8k 80.1% 74.0% 29.8% 71.3% 71.5% 50.8% 60.8% 46.6% 56.0%
Llama 3 8B 8k 80.6% 73.5% 28.2% 61.0% 62.3% 56.4% 66.7% 43.0% 57.2%

Table 1. Mistral NeMo model performance across popular benchmarks

With a 128K context length, Mistral NeMo can process extensive and complex information, resulting in coherent and contextually relevant outputs. The model is trained on Mistral’s proprietary dataset, which includes a significant amount of multilingual and code data, enhancing feature learning and reducing bias.

Optimized Training and Inference

The training of Mistral NeMo is powered by NVIDIA Megatron-LM, a PyTorch-based library that provides GPU-optimized techniques and system-level innovations. This library includes core components such as attention mechanisms, transformer blocks, and distributed checkpointing, facilitating large-scale model training.

For inference, Mistral NeMo leverages TensorRT-LLM engines, which compile the model layers into optimized CUDA kernels. These engines maximize inference performance through techniques like pattern matching and fusion. The model also supports inference in FP8 precision using NVIDIA TensorRT-Model-Optimizer, making it possible to create smaller models with lower memory footprints without sacrificing accuracy.

The ability to run the Mistral NeMo model on a single GPU improves compute efficiency, reduces costs, and enhances security and privacy. This makes it suitable for various commercial applications, including document summarization, classification, multi-turn conversations, language translation, and code generation.

Deployment with NVIDIA NIM

The Mistral NeMo model is available as an NVIDIA NIM inference microservice, designed to streamline the deployment of generative AI models across NVIDIA’s accelerated infrastructure. NIM supports a wide range of generative AI models, offering high-throughput AI inference that scales with demand. Enterprises can benefit from increased token throughput, which directly translates to higher revenue.

Use Cases and Customization

The Mistral NeMo model is particularly effective as a coding copilot, providing AI-powered code suggestions, documentation, unit tests, and error fixes. The model can be fine-tuned with domain-specific data for higher accuracy, and NVIDIA offers tools for aligning the model to specific use cases.

The instruction-tuned variant of Mistral NeMo demonstrates strong performance across several benchmarks and can be customized using NVIDIA NeMo, an end-to-end platform for developing custom generative AI. NeMo supports various fine-tuning techniques such as parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), supervised fine-tuning (SFT), and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF).

Getting Started

To explore the capabilities of the Mistral NeMo model, visit the Artificial Intelligence solution page. NVIDIA also offers free cloud credits to test the model at scale and build a proof of concept by connecting to the NVIDIA-hosted API endpoint.

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Binance Introduces FDUSD Flexible Products with Up to 11.5% APR Rewards | IDOs News

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Binance Introduces FDUSD Flexible Products with Up to 11.5% APR Rewards | IDOs News
Binance Introduces FDUSD Flexible Products with Up to 11.5% APR Rewards | IDOs News




James Ding
Jul 26, 2024 08:57

Binance launches a promotion for FDUSD Simple Earn Flexible Products, offering up to 11.5% APR rewards for eligible users during the promotion period.





Binance, a leading cryptocurrency exchange, has launched a new promotional offer for its FDUSD Simple Earn Flexible Products. According to binance.com, eligible users can enjoy an exclusive Bonus Tiered Annual Percentage Rate (APR) of 10.5% on top of Real-Time APR rewards, bringing the total potential APR to 11.5%.

Promotion Details

The promotion period will run from July 26, 2024 (00:00 UTC) to August 8, 2024 (23:59 UTC). During this period, users who subscribe to the FDUSD Simple Earn Flexible Products on a first-come, first-served basis can benefit from the enhanced APR rewards.

Subscription and Rewards

Subscribers will start accruing Bonus Tiered APR rewards the day after their subscription, starting from 00:00 UTC. These rewards will be distributed daily between 00:00 UTC and 08:00 UTC to the user’s Spot Wallet. All users holding open positions in FDUSD Flexible Products will receive both Real-Time APR and Bonus Tiered APR rewards during the promotion period.

Once the promotion ends, only Real-Time APR rewards will continue. The Bonus Tiered APR rewards are calculated based on the subscribed amounts and are subject to specific tier limits. Users can view their Flexible Products assets in their Binance wallets under the ‘Earn’ section.

Terms and Conditions

Binance has outlined several terms and conditions for the promotion:

  • Bonus Tiered APR rewards start accruing the day after subscription.
  • Rewards are distributed daily to the user’s Spot Wallet.
  • Real-Time APR and Bonus Tiered APR rewards are funded by Binance’s own resources and are not affiliated with the issuer of FDUSD.
  • Redemption for Flexible Products subscriptions is instant, though daily redemption limits apply and may be subject to change.
  • Binance reserves the right to disqualify participants who tamper with the system or act fraudulently.
  • Binance may cancel or amend the promotion at its discretion.

Additional Information

Users are advised to refer to the Binance Simple Earn Terms & Conditions before participating. Discrepancies may exist between translated and original versions of the announcement, and users should refer to the original English version for the most accurate information.

Binance’s announcement also includes a general disclaimer about the volatility of digital asset prices and the risks involved in cryptocurrency investments. Users are encouraged to make informed decisions and understand that APR is an estimate and may vary.

For more details, visit the official announcement on binance.com.

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BitMEX Announces Updates to Basket Indices | IDOs News

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BitMEX Announces Updates to Basket Indices | IDOs News
BitMEX Announces Updates to Basket Indices | IDOs News




Jessie A Ellis
Jul 26, 2024 09:12

BitMEX has updated the weight and index multiplier of its basket indices, impacting several key indices as of July 26, 2024.





BitMEX, a leading cryptocurrency exchange, has announced significant updates to the weight and index multiplier of its basket indices, effective as of July 26, 2024. This update impacts several key indices, including .BMEMEMEXT, according to the BitMEX Blog.

Details of the Updates

The changes took effect at 04:00:05 UTC on the specified date. These adjustments are part of BitMEX’s ongoing efforts to maintain the accuracy and reliability of its trading platform. The specific indices affected by these updates have seen alterations in their weight and index multipliers, which are critical for traders to note as these factors directly influence their trading strategies and outcomes.

Impact on Traders

For traders using these indices, it is essential to review and adjust their positions accordingly. The changes could affect the performance and risk profile of their trading strategies. BitMEX has emphasized that these updates are designed to reflect the current market conditions and improve the overall trading experience on their platform.

Compliance and Restrictions

BitMEX also reiterated its commitment to compliance with regulatory standards. The platform prohibits access to trading or holding positions for individuals or entities located in restricted jurisdictions, including the United States. BitMEX has warned that any user found to have provided false information regarding their location or residency will have their accounts closed and positions liquidated immediately.

The exchange reserves the right to update its Restricted Jurisdiction Policy and implement new controls to prevent access from these areas. Users are advised to stay informed about these policies to avoid any disruptions to their trading activities.

Advice for Traders

BitMEX has cautioned that the material posted on its blog should not be considered as investment advice or recommendations. Traders are encouraged to conduct their due diligence and consult with financial advisors before making investment decisions. The updates to the basket indices are part of BitMEX’s broader strategy to ensure a fair and transparent trading environment.

This announcement underscores the importance of staying updated with platform changes and regulatory requirements to navigate the dynamic landscape of cryptocurrency trading effectively.

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